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How to essays in English?

Eng­lish doesn’t mean only Eng­lish gram­mar but also speak­ing and writ­ing in Eng­lish. But when peo­ple think about Eng­lish they will get the thought of gram­mar. Gram­mar is the basics of sen­tences which are used in under­stand­ing sen­tences in Eng­lish while read­ing and writ­ing. Now a days peo­ple are hav­ing much knowl­edge of gram­mar but no knowl­edge of how to use it prop­erly. So it’s very essen­tial to learn read­ing and writ­ing in Eng­lish which we face in our real world sit­u­a­tions. In my pre­vi­ous post I explained about how to read com­pre­hen­sion pas­sage. In today’s post let’s know about how to write Eng­lish essays and what to write.

Con­text of the topic:

Before writ­ing an essay we need to know the con­text of the topic. You are expected to under­stand the con­text and see to it that what­ever you write in your essay is not irrel­e­vant to the con­text pre­scribed. Every essay topic requires you to under­stand it in a par­tic­u­lar way. Mis­un­der­stand­ing the topic obvi­ously results in a wrong pre­sen­ta­tion. You have to cus­tomize what­ever you know about the topic and key words in the topic to suit the need of the moment.  You should have ade­quate infor­ma­tion on each main idea of the topic given.

essay writ­ing

Clar­ity of the ideas to be presented:

Clar­ity of the ideas that you present in your essay is slightly dif­fer­ent from the con­text of the essay topic in the sense that proper under­stand­ing of the con­text of the essay enables you to know what you have to focus on. Whereas, hav­ing clar­ity of the ideas will help you in avoid­ing the risk of devi­at­ing or vague in what you want to say.

If you are clear about the mat­ter then you will not face any prob­lem in lack of thoughts at the time of writ­ing them. This also enables you to get the elo­quent result. When you are clear about the points that you want to present, you will be able to orga­nize them in an order.

After that, next step is to cus­tomize. You may be fol­low­ing con­tem­po­rary adver­tise­ments closely and observ­ing con­tem­po­rary chil­dren. You may have good under­stand­ing of both of these. But when you are asked to attempt an essay on this, you are not expected to write what­ever you know. Rather you know have to mould your knowl­edge and con­tem­po­rary under­stand­ing and form the cor­rect essay.

Struc­ture of the essay:

As it is often said that a good essay is that which have focused from the begin­ning on what you want to say; a clear, infor­ma­tive and con­vinc­ing mid­dle part to elab­o­rate what­ever you have men­tioned in the begin­ning and well con­cluded end part to sum up the exact infor­ma­tion that you want to say.

An impor­tant issue to take care of is the begin­ning of the essay. Because you may be asked to restrict your essay to a cer­tain words, it is bet­ter to start your essay with a sen­tence that straight away explains the topic that you are going to say. This focused begin­ning should lead to an elab­o­ra­tion of your per­spec­tive and essay should have an end part in which you will give your con­clu­sion sup­port­ing your begin­ning of the essay.

How to read comprehension passages effectively?

Read­ing com­pre­hen­sion is one of the impor­tant com­po­nents in any exams in which Eng­lish is a com­po­nent. There are some exam­i­na­tions which will have very less time for read­ing these pas­sages which were very lengthy. So we have to fol­low some tips and tricks and also some basic meth­ods to read a pas­sage successfully.

One of the most impor­tant things that we have to find is the tome of the pas­sage which means that which mes­sage will best describes the pas­sage in brief. This also refers to the gen­eral atti­tude of the author towards the topic that is given in the passage.

How to clas­sify a tone?

Tones of pas­sages can be broadly clas­si­fied as pos­i­tive, neg­a­tive and neu­tral. Neg­a­tive tones are fur­ther divided into very neg­a­tive and mildly negative.

read­ing passages

Iden­ti­fy­ing a tone in passage:

This can be done by study­ing the nature of the adjec­tives or nouns or verbs that the author uses to express his views on the topic under dis­cus­sion. So we have to focus on the state­ments that the author makes in the pas­sage care­fully but not on the state­ments that the author quotes some­body else as saying.

After iden­ti­fy­ing the verbs, adjec­tives, nouns they should be ana­lyzed care­fully. Some of the tips are:

  1. Try to find out that the word is a neg­a­tive word or pos­i­tive word.
  2. Is it a mild word or strong word?
  3. Does the author mean what he says or is he being sar­cas­tic or ironic?
  4. Is the pat­tern in the nature of adjec­tives or nouns or verbs used in the pas­sage? Are they all neg­a­tive or pos­i­tive? If all the key adjec­tives or nouns or verbs used in the pas­sage are neg­a­tive, then it can be safely con­cluded that the tone is negative.

Let’s know some of the words that reflect the strength of the words.

  1. Adjec­tives used to describe very neg­a­tive tones:
    1. Acer­bic, scathing, cut­ting, bit­ing, vitu­per­a­tive, vit­ri­olic, sear­ing, tren­chant, harsh, vicious or caus­tic – All these are used to express very harsh­ness towards someone.
    2. Bel­liger­ent, bel­li­cose, aggres­sive – These are used to express very hos­tile towards some­body or something.
    3. Deri­sive, con­temp­tu­ous, ridicu­lous, scorn­ful, mock­ing, dis­parag­ing — These are used to express fun of some­thing or some­body with a view to belit­tle it or to show it in poor light.
    4. Incen­di­ary or incit­ing – These are used to express the stir­ring up strife.
    5. Provoca­tive – This word is used when author is try­ing to irri­tate or annoy somebody.

Imperative Form

The imper­a­tive form is the sec­ond per­son base form of the verb.

Imper­a­tive form takes the form do + base form for pos­i­tive form and do not + base form for the neg­a­tive form.

The neg­a­tive form can take dif­fer­ent forms like don’t , never, nor etc.

Imper­a­tive form of verbs is used for giv­ing orders or to make oth­ers to do something.

About turn.

All of you close your eyes.

Don’t tell anyone.

Imper­a­tive form some­times used to express the orders in harsh manner.

I want you to just stand still.

You must com­plete the home­work in by the end of this month.

You mustn’t hurt any­one unless they hurt you.

The request­ing form of the imper­a­tive with ques­tion form:

Could you leavey­our shoes out, please?

Could you just stand straight­for a while?

Imper­a­tive form reduces the rep­e­ti­tion if a num­ber of actions are involved.

Can you come out of the room, please? Come out and think about the situation.

Imper­a­tive forms are also used in dif­fer­ent sit­u­a­tions like:

Slo­gans and advertisements:

Save the water and save the world.

Sug­ges­tions and advice:

If you study well now it will pave you path for your future.

Warn­ings and reminders:

Smok­ing is pro­hib­ited here.

Drink­ing is inju­ri­ous to health.

Instruc­tions and directions:

Take left turn to avoid risks.

Daily exer­cises make man strong and healthy.

Good wishes:

Wish you happy journey.

Wish you happy new year.

imer­a­tive

Using Imper­a­tive form with ques­tion tag:

Ques­tion tags can be used at the end­ing of an imper­a­tive state­ment. Some of the ques­tion tags that we use are:

will you? won’t you? would you?can you? can’t you? could you?

Some of the rules that we have to fol­low using the ques­tion tags with imper­a­tive forms. They are:

We have to use pos­i­tive tag after a pos­i­tive imperative.

You have to walk all the way to school. Can you?

We have to use the neg­a­tive tag which expresses some neg­a­tive feeling.

Sit right, can’t you?

  1. We have to use ques­tion tag won’t you? after­warn­ings, reminders and good wishes, after a pos­i­tiveim­per­a­tive and we have to use the ques­tion tag will you? after a negative.

You had some good time, won’t you?

Don’t for­get to return the book after you com­plete read­ing, will you?

How to use “Let” with imper­a­tive form?

The form Let’s along with the base form of the verb expresses a suggestion.

It’s beau­ti­ful cli­mate. Let’s playfootball.

Let’s do some work.

Let’s not waste time for play­ing cards.

Let me do the work. Where did I keep my book?

Let me see what’s going on.

Different types of pronouns

Pro­noun is one of the parts of speech as we have already came to know about this in our pre­vi­ous posts which used to replace nouns to make our job easy of the rep­e­ti­tion of dif­fi­cult nouns.

Mr.Papakadolos is the min­is­ter of our coun­try and Mr.Papakadolos is a strong man.

We can replace the noun in the above sen­tence with a pro­noun “he” which makes it very easy to write and speak.

Mr.Papakadolos is the min­is­ter of our coun­try and he is a strong man.

Sim­i­lar to nouns, pro­nouns also have num­ber indi­cat­ing forms like sin­gu­lar and plural. The major dif­fer­ence between using nouns and pro­nouns is that we have to use these pro­nouns accord­ing to whether they are used as sub­jects or objects.

Sub­ject forms: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.

Object forms: me, you, him, her, it, us, them.

Per­sonal Pronoun

These are the pro­nouns which are used to replace the proper nouns and com­mon nouns.

My fam­ily mem­bers and I like to go for restaurant.

He was very harsh to Cha­chow and me.

Pos­ses­sive Pronoun

Stan­dard forms that are used for pos­ses­sive pro­noun are mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs,its.

The pos­ses­sive pro­noun, like the per­sonal pro­noun, replaces a noun along with that they also rep­re­sent possession.

This chair is mine.

This book is not mine.


Reflex­ive Pronoun

We have to use this type of pro­nouns when the object of the sen­tence is same as the sub­ject of the sentence.

This pro­noun takes the forms: myself, your­self, him­self, her­self, itself, our­selves, your­selves, themselves.

I like to think myself when I am solv­ing a problem.

Hari and I read a les­son today.

Inter­rog­a­tive Pronoun

These pro­nouns are used to rep­re­sent or intro­duce the ques­tion type of sen­tences which take the stan­dard forms like what, which, who, whom, whose.

What are the subjects?

Who is going to eat this?

Will you learn yourself?

There are some sit­u­a­tions we can use both of the sen­tence forms but as of my knowl­edge I didn’t find any wrong about the fol­low­ing two sen­tences and both are cor­rect for usage:

Who are you chatting?

Whom are you chatting?

pro­nouns

Demon­stra­tive Pronoun

These are just used to replace the nouns. The forms that of pro­nouns that are used for this type are: this, that, these, those.

Is this the one he is fight­ing for?

Give me those to me.

Indef­i­nite Pronoun

Indef­i­nite pro­nouns are used to replace the nouns that do not refer to a par­tic­u­lar thing, place or a per­son. Some of the stan­dard forms are any­one, any­where,every­one, none, and someone.

Every­one is danc­ing in the pub.

That is not the place I want to see.


Rel­a­tive Pronoun

These are the pro­nouns that are used sim­i­lar to other pro­nouns used to replace the nouns but these are used as con­junc­tion to join two clauses. Some of the forms of rel­a­tive pro­nouns are that, who, whom, which.

That’s the tiger which was beaten-up by the visitors.

He is the per­son who got the Nobel Prize this year.

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